Hot Spot is an infra-red imaging system used in cricket to determine whether the ball has struck the batsman, bat or pad. Hot Spot requires two infrared cameras on opposite sides of the ground above the field of play that are continuously recording an image. Any suspected snick or bat/pad event can be verified by examining the infrared image, which usually shows a bright spot where contact friction from the ball has elevated the local temperature. Where referrals to an off-field third umpire are permitted, the technology is used to enhance the on-field umpire's decision-making accuracy. Where referrals are not permitted, the technology is used primarily as an analysis aid for televised coverage.[1][2][3]
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Its principal application in cricket is in deciding whether the ball has struck the batsman's bat or pad — this determination being critical in determining if a batsman is dismissed or not on appeal for LBW or caught.
In considering whether a batsman is out when the ball strikes bat or pad and is then caught by a member of the fielding team, one of the most difficult decisions is whether the ball struck the pad only, or the bat only, or (if it struck both) whether the pad or the bat was struck first. If the ball strikes the bat only, or strikes the bat followed by the pad, then the batsman could be out caught but not LBW. If the ball strikes the pad only, then the batsman could be out LBW but not caught. If the ball strikes the pad followed by the bat, then the batsman could be out LBW or out caught if a fielder catches the ball. The batsman's bat and pad are often close together, and it can be very hard to determine by eye which was struck first, whereas the hotspot technology can often resolve the question.
Hot-spot imagery is also used to show which part of the cricket bat hit the ball, as ideally the batsmen try to "middle" the ball i.e. hit it where the sweet spot lies. Hot spot camera provides some valuable information while analyzing the strokes played by a batsman.
Hot Spot uses two infra-red cameras positioned at either end of the ground.[4] These cameras sense and measure heat from friction generated by a collision, such as ball on pad, ball on bat, ball on ground or ball on glove. Using a subtraction technique a series of black-and-white negative frames is generated into a computer, precisely localising the ball's point of contact.[5]
Hot Spot uses technology developed in the military for tank and jet fighter tracking.[4] The technology was adapted for television by BBG Sports, the Australian company responsible for the Snickometer, in conjunction with Sky Sports.[4]
The technology was first used by the Australian Nine Network during the first Test match of the 2006-07 Ashes at The Gabba, on 23 November 2006.[6]
The ICC has announced that Hot Spot images will be available for use as part of its ongoing technology trial during the second and third Tests (March 2009) in South Africa. The system will be available to the third umpire in the event of a player referral.[4]
The Hot Spot technology was in fact founded by French scientist Nicholas Bion, before being worked upon by a many different companies in Paris and been bought and adopted by the Nine Network Australia.[2]
Hot Spot has two main advantages over its competing technology, the Snickometer, which is a sound-detection based system. Snickometer often produces inconclusive results indicating contact (potentially any combination of bat, pad and ball) only, whereas the Hot Spot clearly shows exactly what the ball strikes.
Hotspot technology, even though claimed to be extremely accurate, is not used in many matches. The main reason for this is its expense: $6000 per day for the use of two cameras and $10000 for the use of four cameras. [7] Warren Brennan, the owner of BBG Sports, said the unwillingness of the International Cricket Council or national cricket boards to pay to use the expensive technology had restricted its use: "we won't be supplying Hot Spot to the World Cup next year, even for the semis or finals, if the cricket boards want a feed of that for adjudication purposes, they should contribute to the costs. The Ashes could be the last hurrah." However,In the recently held India-England ODI Series 2011, there were controversial decisions based on the hot spot technology going against India's Rahul Dravid on more than one occasion where hot spot replays proved inconclusive and yet Dravid was given out. On one occasion, there seemed to be a nick which hot spot wasn't able to detect. These incidents threw the role of hotspot technology into doubt once again .
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